![]() Enthalpy change in a cyclic process is zero. In a spontaneous process, change in entropy will not be less in the direction of spontaneity. Change in enthalpy is equal to the energy supplied as heat at constant pressure. ![]() H = U+PV dS = d/T Its unit is KiloJoules/mole. ![]() It is the amount of heat transferred reversibly in and out of the system at a given temperature. It is the sum of internal energy and product of PV work. It is the measurement of the disorderness of a system. This lost energy is called the ’entropy’.Įnthalpy Entropy It is a measurement of energy. The concept of entropy develops from the fact that for energy to be converted to work, some dissipations must occur. This idea comes from the concept that heat always flows from hot to cold regions spontaneously which is equal to the entropy change. The term entropy was introduced by the scientist Rudolf Clausius in 1850. It is an important quantity because most of the reactions occur at constant pressure and it is used to measure the heat of a reaction. ![]() Enthalpy tells us how much heat is added or removed from the system. The word enthalpy means ‘total heat content’. The term enthalpy was introduced by a Dutch Scientist, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1909. In thermodynamics, the change in enthalpy and entropy can be measured rather than their absolute values. Enthalpy (H) of a thermodynamic system is an energy-like state function property that is equal to the total internal energy (U) and pressure-volume (PV) work whereas entropy is an intrinsic disorderness of a system under certain conditions. ![]()
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![]() If the stick lies in front of you, the USB-Port facing to the left, Pin 1 is the one on the top right of the 10 Pin programming header.Whilst i understand that the CC2531 are not recommended, nowhere do any of the docs say they are unsupported / do not work…infact, the CC2531 adapters are listed as being known working radios You only need to connect these four Pins on the CC2531: Note, that on the wemos/ESP side, D6 ( DD_I ) and D4 ( DD_O ) are connected together and go to Pin 4 ( DD / Debug Data ) on the CC2531 debug port. These small pins are really pretty fragile! So take care when not using the small spaced connector cable. I've seen a couple of people destroy their debug port / breaking pins by handling it too rough. In order to connect your wires, you can either use the linked Debugger Cable or carefully connect your SMD probes to the tiny pins. In contrast to your common breadboard / connector, the debug port on the CC2531 has a smaller spacing of 1mm. Since the ESP uses 3.3v, you don't need a voltage divider! Now, get some (actually 5) jumper wires and connect your ESP board to the debug port of your CC2531 adapter. Once you've compiled and uploaded the CCLib_proxy to your wemos d1 mini board, unplug it from the USB bus. ![]() Once you have modified the code, compile and upload it. you probably don't have to change the delay. this is needed for the ESP8266 / wemos d1 mini / nodeMCU to get it working ![]() line 98 and increase the initial value (50) to 1000:Īgain. Then, look for the first delay() at approx. Pinout configuration (Configured for wemos D1 mini) int CC_RST = D5 After more than an hour experimenting I found this configuration to be working flawlessly out of the box. This is important, since it makes a big difference which Pins you use! I was not able to make the programmer work when I initially used other pins. Specify the correct Pins for the ESP8266 / Wemos D1 mini If you have downloaded the CCLib_proxy.ino linked above you can skip the following code modification. I have uploaded my modified version of the arduino sketch to hackaday.io. Open the CCLib_proxy.ino from CCLib/Arduino/CCLib/Examples/CCLib_proxy Install the Arduino/CCLib library to your arduino IDE Now, install the required python modules by typing: Once you've downloaded/unzipped CCLib, open a terminal and change directory into the Python folder You will also need Python 2.7 or later installed to your system. Just save the file and you are good to go. Scroll to the very bottom of the file and remove the second line from the bottom. hex file in a text editor of your choice. Otherwise you will not be able to flash it! When using the arduino based CCLib_proxy debugger/programmer as described here, the custom firmware (CC2531ZNP-Prod_20181119.zip) from Koen Kanters, has to be modified. If you download the CC2531ZNP-Prod.hex from here ( hackaday.io) you do not have to modify the file! Hence I have attached them to this project. I installed and verified both versions to be working. On Linux, you can simply download it by typing wget https:/ //kirovilya /files/master /CC2531ZNP-Pro-Secure_LinkKeyJoin_mod.hex This is the firmware for your custom, ESP8266 based programmer I assume you are familiar with the Arduino IDE and have it installed on your PC. update: new Z-Stack-Firmware with group support and increased stability from Kkoenk available: Once you have your stick up and running, see also my other project on how to add an antenna socket for increased range: CC2531 USB Adapter Antenna mod ) and use it as remote ZigBee to MQTT gateway which can be placed in a suitable location in order to get a better range. Once you have the correct firmware installed, you can use it to replace most if not all of your proprietary ZigBee gateways and use it to control a variety of different devices, such as lamps, temperature sensors, switches, etc.ĭepending on your home automation system, you can either use the stick directly with an appropriate adapter or have it plugged into a raspberry pi (or orange pi, etc. Since it has a programming port, you can upload/install a custom firmware which acts as a zigbee concentrator. You can get these for a few dollars from aliexpress or ebay. The CC2531 is a complete ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver bundled with an 8051 CPU and an USB interface on one chip. ![]() ![]() ![]() So we booked a condominium in Stateline, Nevada, just a few blocks from the intersection of Nevada Highway 207 and US Highway 50. With that as our homebase, we resolved to re-explore South Lake Tahoe and the casinos in Stateline, find new hiking trails and discover new restaurants and nightlife. If you don’t have a timeshare week to trade, take a look at the slower season rates for overnight stays using KAYAK or, Vacation Rentals by Owner (VRBO) or AirBnB. Older, relatively inexpensive but nice motels lie just northeast of Stateline and Lake Tahoe boulevards. From our condo, or other hostelries in that area, you can walk to many of the attractions, morning to evening. We found that you can discover a lot just by walking. A morning several-mile hike from our condominium in Stateline revealed a host of nice motels on the California border, and new restaurant gems such as Idle Hour wine tasting, with cheese fondue and other interesting creations and a spectacular view looking northeast up Lake Tahoe’s shore. The Beach House Restaurant on Lakeside Beach offers spectacular views looking up the lake, and a variety of tasty, bistro food. We also found Toulouse Restaurant just off the lake, featuring a “touch of New Orleans” (featuring shrimp gumbo, shrimp and grits, oysters and more) with wonderful food even if holiday service was a bit stressed. Later in the week we would discover the town’s best bloody marys (subjective, yes), with either omelets for breakfast or calamari for lunch at Artemis Lakeside Cafe on Ski Run Boulevard. Just steps away is a fine full-service restaurant on the lake, the Riva Grill, with the best fish and chips meal we’ve tasted in a long time and other savory options. Late in the week, we realized the Chart House Restaurant was just a mile up Highway 207, and spouse Susan found it featured a 4 to 6 pm happy hour. With a host of tempting classy appetizers from $4 to $8 and discounted drinks in a white-table-cloth part of the restaurant, it was a hit for an upscale but inexpensive outing. Seeking memorable but budget-friendly nighttime activities, Susan opted for Magic Fusion, two magicians wowing crowds at The Loft Theater, with a 1½ hour magic show entertaining for both adults and children. ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() Some time conversions (like the one above) are intuitive. 5 decimal time before I multiply by my hourly wage. For example, how much have I earned if I make $10 per hour and work 7:30? I must convert 30 minutes to. When thought of in this way, it is not hard to understand that 7:30 (hours and minutes) = 7.5 decimal hours.Įxpressing time in decimal format is essential for payroll because wages must be calculated using standard decimal numbers. So in decimal format this is expressed as 7.5 hours (7 and a half hours). Using our 7:30 example above, we intuitively know that 30 minutes is 'half an hour.' In decimal format one-half is expressed as '.5'. When we use decimal numbers each place in a number ranges from 0-9. ![]() The decimal hours format uses 'base 10' to represent time as common decimal numbers. 7:30 is read as 'seven hours and 30 minutes.' When we use this common expression of time we understand that it means seven periods of 60 minutes (7 hours) and one period of 30 minutes. So whenever we see time expressed with a colon (:) we know that we are seeing time in the hours and minutes format. Instead, we increase the hours by one and reset the minutes to zero and write 4:00. We express hours (60 minutes) and portions of an hour (minutes) with the format HH:MM. So when time is increased by one minute at 3:59, we don't write 3:60. By this we mean that time is expressed in 60 one minute units. The hours & minutes format uses 'base 60' to represent time. Note: Wondering if your totals are accurate? Read our brief article about the accuracy of totals > Are you interested in how time is properly converted from hours and minutes to decimal format for payroll? We'll review and compare these two common formats for displaying and expressing time. ![]() ![]() Creeping Thyme is perfect for rock gardens, walls, bare spots in sunny beds and borders, and just about any area in a garden where some quick, permanent coverage is needed. Creeping Thyme blooms all summer attracting bees and butterflies, and its evergreen foliage is attractive even when not in bloom.Ĭreeping Thyme is a super-vigorous, lemon-scented, brightly-flowered variety of thyme that spreads in the sunny garden, giving months of deep-pink blooms and heavenly fragrance. Creeping Thyme produces numerous, thin, somewhat woody stems that form a flat 6-8 inches tall mat of attractive foliage with tiny rounded, glossy blue-green leaves that are covered by clusters of tiny, tubular, deep-pink, lemon-scented flowers. ![]() Also commonly called Wild Thyme or Mother-of-Thyme, this outstanding herbaceous plant is a creeping, woody based perennial which is primarily used as a ground cover. Creeping Thyme seeds can be started indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost or directly outdoors in spring. ”If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need.Creeping Thyme Thymus Serpyllum is a robust, hardy perennial subshrub native to Europe and North Africa. I’ll be repotting the chives when she moves on to a sunnier spot as the weather cools a bit. On a hot afternoon, it’s cool there and the pots are a bit damp, making a fragrant, comfy place for napping. I thought I’d share this picture of Miss Ruby Begonia (my cat) under our big oak tree lounging in the chive flats. Otherwise, leave them alone, harvest and enjoy your herbs this fall. If you live in the northern half of Texas, where it will get colder sooner, prune lightly if the plants look leggy. With cooler temperatures and shorter days, those plants will put on a flush of new growth this fall. But, if you have plants that are all stem with a few leaves at the top, go ahead and cut those stems down to several inches above the soil. You don’t have to prune heavily if the plants still look good. If you live in the southern half of Texas and you haven’t pruned back leggy herbs yet, go ahead and do it now. The lemon balm I pruned to the ground a couple of weeks ago is already showing signs of fresh new growth. So, the upcoming cooler nights should help make our herbs perk up and even put on new growth. Even these herbs, which thrive in hot daytime temperatures, start to suffer when the nights stay above about 75 degrees for weeks on end. Many of our favorite herbs are from very warm environments such as the Mediterranean. When it stays hot at night, as it does here for weeks and weeks, it really stresses the herbs. The plants will love the cooler night temperatures, even if it’s just cooler by a few degrees. I also noticed the forecast lows to be below 70 degrees the next few nights. It’s still very hot here in Texas, but it didn’t break 100 degrees yesterday. Today and tomorrow are forecast to stay in the 90s as well. Don’t over-water the new plants do keep them moist until they settle into their new home. If your thyme is in a container, take it out of the pot and cut the plant in half or in sections for more plants. If you have healthy, thriving thyme in your garden it’s easy to make new plants simply by digging out a section of the plant with roots and transplanting it to another spot. (Click here to read more about propagating herbs.) It will take about 5 to 6 weeks before these seedlings are ready to be planted in a garden or herb container. Propagating thyme from seed is not a quick endeavor. The flavors are very similar–the German is perhaps a little more pungent. ![]() German winter thyme grows a little bit stockier than the English, in my experience. If you see a recipe which calls for simply thyme, you can never go wrong using English thyme or the German winter variety. Both types are called Thymus vulgaris or common thyme. There are two different varieties here: German winter thyme, which is an excellent herb to grow in our area and further north in Texas, and English thyme. Just add water! Salad burnet and dill seedlings. I had very good germination on the thyme seeds. It’s just amazing to me how a little seed pushes itself through the soil and reaches for the sun. The salad burnet and fernleaf dill seeds sprouted. But, I did get germination on several flats I planted last week. ![]() I spent a couple of days in lovely San Antonio visiting with a friend from Florida who was there visiting her mother. I didn’t get too much done at The Herb Cottage this week. Cynthia Meredith has been gardening with herbs, reading about herbs, gardening with herbs and discussing herb gardening in Texas for more than 20 years. She has owned The Herb Cottage (for over 10 years, selling herb plants to people all over our state. ![]() ![]() ![]() She reluctantly cheers on an ex’s shiny new post-breakup life, only to end by setting the ex’s house on fire as revenge for a too-quick recovery. In her “good 4 u” music video, we see Rodrigo depict an unrestrained rage as a vengeful cheerleader. For Rodrigo, exploring emotions that may be deemed shameful is essential to her body of work. ![]() The power of the music video is acknowledging the ways that this repressed urge gets twisted until it tears away at our own self-image. Rodrigo has discussed how “deja vu” is meant to outline the somewhat taboo feelings of obsession we feel towards the person an ex moves on with. Unsurprisingly, it is a subconscious that has been overtaken by Ryder. Considering the dark room the screens reside in, it almost feels like entering Rodrigo’s character’s subconscious. Others show Ryder’s character replicating the previously cherished moments, sparkling day trips, and romantic ice cream dates. We see Rodrigo’s character next in a room full of screens, which display memories of her relationship with her ex before Ryder’s character came into the picture. As she admires herself, she still sees Ryder’s character in the mirror, standing next to her - unavoidable. Later, she then buys the exact same dress and goes home to try it on in front of her mirror. Rodrigo peers through the window to watch Ryder’s character try on a new dress. When Rodrigo’s character arrives at her destination, it’s Ryder’s house. Rodrigo’s drive overlooking the rocky Malibu beaches is interrupted by what feels like a ghost, as she catches a glimpse of a flickering image of Ryder’s character in the backseat through her rear-view mirror. ![]() This coastal paradise is actually the backdrop for a rather eerie story: the protagonist’s (Olivia Rodrigo) stalker-like obsession with her ex’s seemingly perfect new girl (Talia Ryder).Įarly in the video, we see the obsession unfold. It’s the perfect set-up for the music video’s twist. There’s a glossy sheen to the other things we see soon after: the older-edition car driving down the highway, the classy scarf tied around Rodrigo’s head Old Hollywood-style, the ornate pink script that announces the music video’s title. The music video for Olivia Rodrigo’s “deja vu,” directed by Allie Avital, starts out with a thoroughly scenic landscape: azure blue waves gently lapping up against the Malibu coastline. ![]() ![]() ![]() Prometheus teaches Bob how to catch prey, but their lesson attracts one too many uninvited guests, including Monkey, the Overlord and a saber-toothed tiger. Prometheus teaches Bob how to wear clothes. Prometheus teaches Bob how to bowl, but Bob has difficulties. Prometheus teaches Bob how to play music with instruments, but the sounds attract an uninvited guest. Prometheus wants Bob to celebrate his birthday. Prometheus teaches Bob how wheels roll, only for Bob to get carried away. Prometheus teaches Bob about creating artwork, only for Bob to improvise. Prometheus is about to teach Bob how to use a spear. Prometheus teaches Bob about the uses of glue, but they (and Monkey) get into a sticky situation. Prometheus teaches Bob how to box, only for Bob to befriend his punching bag. Prometheus teaches Bob how to use a chair, but Monkey gets the last laugh. Prometheus teaches Bob how to eat eggs for breakfast, only for one of them to hatch. Prometheus meets and befriends a caveman named Bob, and inadvertently frees a monkey from two other cavemen. This is a list of every episode, in chronological order: Tape No. They have no personality and most of them serve Prometheus without question. He uses them to assist him when a lesson requires more than just him to teach Bob. He scolds Prometheus in all of his appearances, but then usually gets driven away by Monkey. Also, while Prometheus struggles with the lessons that Bob fails to learn, Monkey always seems to figure out the concept and demonstrates his mastery by performing it in the background.Īnother member of Prometheus's race, the Overlord is Prometheus's superior, who has appeared a few times, but always during the most inconvenient times. He finds ways to entertain Bob and foil Prometheus's educating but sometimes can be supporting. The monkey usually appears while Prometheus tries to teach Bob. He also has a tendency to panic when he's frightened. Bob often gets both himself and Prometheus hurt, and he cries when things disappear. He is slow and dimwitted, frequently damaging things with his brutish, yet impressive strength. ![]() Prometheus gets frustrated easily, which could make him either temperamental or overwhelmed.īob is a caveman who is taught by Prometheus. He tries to teach various things, but his plans fail almost all the time. Prometheus is an alien who is Bob's educator. Despite "Painting" being finished, it has not been seen publicly. Zellers said that the remains of the script went into the 2010 fantasy adventure comedy film, Gulliver's Travels, starring Jack Black. When he was denied permission to rewrite it, the production stalled out. ![]() A script was written that Zellers despised. Although Farley died in December 1997, the development process would move forward, as the film was to be directed by Harald Zwart, co-produced by Amy Heckerling and Twink Caplan, and written by Joe Stillman. According to Zellers when interviewed by Cult Popture, David Spade and Chris Farley were considered to portray Prometheus and Bob, respectively. Zellers said Prometheus was originally "very processed" but didn't seem to have any kind of range, so the character became less processed over time and more his voice as time went on, while Bob would usually just babble, like a real caveman.Ī live-action Prometheus and Bob film was planned, with a short "Painting" to be presented before the main film. Zellers voiced both Prometheus and Bob, where his voice was pitched up slightly for Prometheus and pitched down slightly for Bob. David Ernst was model maker and sound design was done by Daniel Shklair. Prometheus and Bob worked with a very small crew. The pitch was successful, on the condition that the pilot is never shown due to its very dark nature, in comparison to the more family-friendly installments seen on KaBlam!. It would end with Prometheus being cooked alive by Bob, and a Monkey flying Prometheus's saucer into the camera. Originally, Cote Zellers pitched a pilot to Nickelodeon, where Prometheus teaches Bob the use of fire, while documenting the teaching with a video camera. ![]() ![]() ![]() You pay the principal, with interest, back to the lender over time through mortgage payments. Here’s a quick example of how to determine whether you can afford a mortgage, assuming your monthly debt (including your estimated mortgage payment) is 2,500 and you make 6,000 per month before taxes: 2,500 monthly debt payments divided by 6,000 monthly income 41.67 DTI ratio. If a mortgage is for 250,000, then the mortgage principal is 250,000. Mortgage principal is the amount of money you borrow from a lender. An estimated cost for mortgage default insurance is included because the down payment is less. ![]() Yes, you can refinance a car loan, but you should run the numbers to ensure that refinancing makes sense for your situation. A mortgage is high-ratio when your down payment is less than 20 of the property value. You typically can pay off a car loan early if it makes sense for your situation but be sure to check your financial documents first to ensure that there’s no penalty for Be sure to follow these steps to maximize your car’sĬar loans are available through several institutions, including automakers, credit unions, banks and Most states, however, allow a trade-in credit to offset the taxableĪ car’s trade-in value is the amount of money that a dealership is willing to pay for your car Works for car purchases in your state – some states charge tax on the full price of the car you’re buying, Find out how much you can afford with our easy-to-use mortgage calculator. Sales tax is a percentage of the car price that you owe to your state. The price you pay for borrowing money from a financial institution. The loan program you choose can affect the interest rate and total monthly payment amount. Enter the price of a home and down payment amount to calculate your estimated mortgage payment with an itemized breakdown and schedule. The VA loan calculator provides 30-year fixed, 15-year fixed and 5-year ARM loan programs. See how much your monthly payment could be and find homes that fit your. The car loan interest rate is an annual percentage of the amount of money that you finance. Use Zillow’s home loan calculator to quickly estimate your total mortgage payment including principal and interest, plus estimates for PMI, property taxes, home insurance and HOA fees. Find out how much house you can afford with our home affordability calculator. For more information about or to do calculations specifically. ![]() Use the 'Fixed Payments' tab to calculate the time to pay off a loan with a fixed monthly payment. Use the 'Fixed Term' tab to calculate the monthly payment of a fixed-term loan. Typically ranges from 12 to 84 months in 12-month increments. The Payment Calculator can determine the monthly payment amount or loan term for a fixed interest loan. We offer a variety of financing options and loan types. The car loan term is the length of time that you’ll be paying back the amount of money you borrowed. 21st Mortgage is one of the top manufactured and mobile home mortgage lenders on the market. When you secure a car loan from a financial institution, you borrow the money required to purchase the carĪnd pay it back over time with an annual percentage interest rate. ![]() ![]() ![]() When you pick up new plants, they’re tossed somewhere on your shelf, and with 77 plants to find, it doesn’t take long for any organizational system to fail. A not insignificant portion of that time was spent rearranging my plants in hopes of having a more logical order to things, which would quickly be undone by the discovery of new plants. It took me just over four hours to play through and reach one of the possible endings. The hint button can be useful if you’re not sure if you already have a plant in your possession, but it certainly isn’t going to figure it out for you. Since there’s no way to refuse a customer order that I could find, you may need to either break your mind (which seems to restart the day, and open up the possibility of a different customer order) or water the plants you do have until you get enough Will to Explore to go out and try again. It is possible to – sort of – soft lock your progress if you get stuck on one of the map puzzles more than once I had a customer come in and ask for a plant I didn’t yet have. Completing orders or talking to people out in the world will often reward you with new pages. In the early days, your book is fairly small. ![]() I got two different ones during my playthrough, but it’s entirely possible there are more types I didn’t see. Making too many errors will force you into a different type of puzzle. Sometimes, your directions for exploration are straightforward, but many of them require figuring out what that scrap of paper someone pressed into your hand could possibly mean. Make too many mistakes, and you’ll be tasked with a reassembly puzzle or a key matching puzzle. Some hints will come directly from your clients, but you’ll also get your share of instructions by mail to help you find every strange plant that can be found.Īlthough the plant-identifying puzzle makes up the meat of the gameplay, it’s not the only kind of puzzle Strange Horticulture has to offer. You’ll also have ample opportunities to explore the wider world to acquire even more plants for your shop. However, none of the specimens in the shop are labeled, so you’ll need to closely examine the plants and compare them to the notations in your herbalism book to figure out how to fill customer requests. Your customers will come to you asking for plants, sure, but they will also be dropping tons of news and gossip over you counter as well. You have inherited a botanist’s shop from your uncle, and the game dumps you right in the middle of a story in progress. So, in reality, I could have played this anytime over the last year! Thankfully, I decided to get back onto the Community Game Along train, and January is #PuzzleGameMonth, so it was a good excuse to stop putting it off and actually play the damn game. Originally, I had planned for it to be one of the last games I covered for the #JustOnePercent project, before I decided to stick to only games that actually released in 2021. I picked up Strange Horticulture almost a year ago, on the strength of the demo I played back in October of 2021 during one of many Steam NextFests. ![]() |
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